a girl stands wearing a black and blue jacket and goggles against a background of snowy trees.

A Guide To Waterproofing and Breathability

Understanding Waterproof Ratings and Breathability: Your Essential Guide

Heading into the mountains? Whether you’re carving through powder, trekking rugged trails, or scaling rock faces, the weather can turn on you in an instant. That’s why having the right waterproof gear isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s a necessity.

From stormproof ski jackets to breathable hiking shells, our collection of outerwear is designed to keep you dry and comfortable no matter where your adventures take you. But what do those waterproof and breathability ratings actually mean? Let’s break it all down so you can choose the perfect gear for your needs.

What’s the Deal with Waterproofing and Breathability?

Waterproofing: This is what keeps you from getting soaked. A special membrane or coating is applied to fabrics to prevent water from seeping in, making them resistant to rain and snow.

Breathability: Just because you’re staying dry from the outside doesn’t mean you want to be drenched in sweat. Breathable materials allow moisture (aka your sweat) to escape, keeping you comfortable when you’re working up a sweat skiing, hiking, or climbing.

Some fabrics prioritize waterproofing over breathability and vice versa. Your ideal choice depends on your activity level and expected weather conditions.

Decoding the Numbers: Waterproof and Breathability Ratings

Waterproof Ratings (measured in mm)

  • 5,000mm: Basic protection against light rain but not much else.

  • 10,000mm – 15,000mm: Solid defense against downpours and heavy snow, but prolonged exposure or pressure (like kneeling in wet snow) may cause leaks.

  • 20,000mm and above: Ultimate protection for extreme conditions—ideal for backcountry adventures and wet climates.

Breathability Ratings (measured in g/m²)

  • 5,000 – 10,000g/m²: Fine for casual skiing, urban use, and mild hiking. Can feel stuffy during intense activity.

  • 10,000 – 15,000g/m²: Suitable for most outdoor adventures, including backcountry skiing.

  • 15,000 – 20,000g/m² and above: Perfect for high-intensity activities like mountaineering and trekking in warm or humid climates.

Should You Always Opt for the Highest Ratings?

Not necessarily. Your choice depends on your intended use.

  • Resort skiers and fair-weather hikers? A lower waterproof rating will do.

  • Backcountry explorers in unpredictable conditions? Go for higher waterproof and breathability ratings.

Here’s a quick reference guide:

Waterproof Rating (mm) Protection Level
0-5,000mm Minimal resistance
6,000-10,000mm Moderate resistance
11,000-15,000mm Standard resistance
16,000-20,000mm High resistance
20,000mm+ Maximum resistance

Is Any Gear Truly Waterproof?

Completely waterproof fabrics like rubber and waxed materials exist, but they’re not practical for activewear because they don’t breathe. Technical outerwear balances waterproofing with breathability to keep you comfortable.

How Waterproof Fabrics Work

Most waterproof gear features a multi-layer construction:

  • Outer Layer (Face Fabric): The first line of defense, often treated with a Durable Water Repellent (DWR)coating to prevent saturation.

  • Membrane: The magic happens here. This microscopic layer blocks water while allowing sweat to escape. Common materials include GORE-TEX, eVent, and PU coatings.

  • Inner Layer (Liner): Protects the membrane and improves breathability. It can be a mesh or bonded fabric, depending on the jacket’s construction.

Layering Matters: 2-Layer vs. 3-Layer Construction

Layer Type Features Pros Cons
2-Layer Outer fabric + membrane with a loose liner Comfortable, budget-friendly Bulkier, less breathable
2.5-Layer Outer fabric + membrane with a partially bonded liner Lightweight, affordable Less durable, lower breathability
3-Layer Outer fabric + membrane + bonded liner Best durability & breathability Expensive

Key Features to Look For

  • Seam Sealing: Tiny holes from stitching can let water in, so look for fully taped seams for maximum waterproofing.

  • DWR Coating: Helps water bead off the surface but can wear off over time.

  • Fabric Care: Different membranes require different maintenance. GORE-TEX is easy to clean, while others need special reproofing treatments.

  • Brand-Specific Membranes: Some brands, like The North Face and Helly Hansen, have their own proprietary waterproofing technologies.

Choosing the Right Jacket for You

Your choice depends on your activity and environment:

  • High-Aerobic Activities (Running, Climbing, Ski Touring) → Prioritize breathability. Look for lightweight, high-permeability fabrics.

  • Casual Hiking & Walking → A softshell offers a balance of water resistance, breathability, and warmth.

  • Extreme Conditions (Backcountry Skiing, Mountaineering) → Opt for a high-end hardshell with 3-layer construction for ultimate protection.

Final Thoughts

Finding the right waterproof jacket or pants doesn’t have to be a guessing game. Understanding the balance between waterproofing and breathability will help you choose gear tailored to your needs. Whether you’re braving blizzards or just dodging drizzle, the right outerwear can make all the difference between an epic adventure and a soggy disaster.

Now, go forth and explore—rain, snow, or shine!

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